Since his election in 2013, Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, has been one of the most influential and controversial popes in modern history. As the first Jesuit pope and the first from the Americas, his papacy has been marked by bold reforms, a focus on social justice, and significant pushback from conservative factions within the Catholic Church.
Key Achievements of Pope Francis
1. Emphasis on Mercy and Inclusivity
Francis has consistently emphasized God’s mercy, famously stating, "Who am I to judge?" when asked about gay Catholics. His papacy has sought to make the Church more welcoming to marginalized groups, including the poor, refugees, and divorced and remarried Catholics.
2. Reform of the Vatican Financial System
One of his major accomplishments has been overhauling the Vatican’s scandal-plagued financial system. He established the “Secretariat for the Economy” and introduced stricter transparency measures to combat corruption.
3. Climate Change Advocacy
In his 2015 encyclical “Laudato Si”, Francis called for urgent action against climate change, framing environmental destruction as a moral issue. This positioned the Church as a key player in global ecological discussions.
4. Synodality and Decentralization
Francis has pushed for a more decentralized Church, granting greater authority to local bishops through synods. This contrasts with past centralized Vatican control.
5. Diplomatic Efforts
He played a crucial role in the. “U.S.-Cuba thaw” in 2014 and has mediated conflicts in Latin America and Africa. His diplomacy extends to fostering interfaith dialogue, particularly with Muslims and Orthodox Christians.
Major Reforms
1. Changes to Church Doctrine on Divorce and Remarriage
In “Amoris Laetitia” (2016), Francis allowed divorced and remarried Catholics without annulments to receive Communion in certain cases; a significant shift from traditional doctrine.
2. Addressing Clerical Sexual Abuse
While criticized for slow action, Francis convened a “2019 summit on abuse”, revised Church laws to hold bishops accountable [Vos Estis Lux Mundi], and abolished the "pontifical secret" rule that shielded abuse cases.
3. Greater Role for Women in the Church
Though not supporting women’s ordination, he has appointed women to key Vatican positions, including the first female undersecretary of the Synod of Bishops.
Controversies Surrounding His Papacy
1. Opposition from Conservative Catholics
Traditionalists accuse him of diluting Church teachings, particularly on marriage, Communion, and moral issues. Some cardinals, like Raymond Burke, have openly criticized his leadership.
2. Handling of Sexual Abuse Scandals
Despite reforms, critics argue he has not done enough. His defense of Chilean bishop Juan Barros, accused of covering up abuse, and the “McCarrick scandal” drew backlash.
3. Comments on Civil Unions for Same-Sex Couples
In a 2020 documentary, Francis supported civil unions, seen as progressive by some but condemned by conservatives as contradicting Church doctrine.
4. China-Vatican Deal
His 2018 agreement with China, allowing state-approved bishops, was criticized for legitimizing Communist Party control over Catholics.
Conclusion
Pope Francis has redefined the papacy with his pastoral approach, social justice focus, and willingness to challenge tradition. While praised for making the Church more inclusive, his reforms have also sparked intense debate. His legacy will likely be remembered for both his progressive vision and the divisions it has exposed within Catholicism.
As his papacy continues, the world watches to see whether his reforms will bring lasting change or deepen the Church’s internal conflicts.
J. Michael Dennis, LL.L., LL.M.
J. Michael Dennis, LL.L., LL.M.
Continuity Strategist